Biological phenomena

Biological phenomena are observable processes, events, or patterns in living organisms and biological systems, from molecular reactions to ecosystem dynamics.

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Cell: The smallest unit of life capable of carrying out the processes needed for an organism to function. Cells are the basic sites where many biological phenomena occur.
Cell signaling: The communication processes by which cells detect signals and alter their activity. Signals coordinate responses among cells and within organisms.
Physiology: The study of how living organisms and their parts function. Physiology organizes observable processes into explanations of organism function.
Circadian rhythm: An approximately 24-hour cycle in biological activity, regulated by an organism's internal clock. It is a recurring biological pattern observable in behavior and physiology.
Metabolism: The chemical reactions that sustain life by transforming matter and energy in organisms. Metabolism links molecular reactions to growth, movement, and other observable activity.
Enzyme: A biological catalyst that speeds a chemical reaction without being consumed by it. Enzymes make many biological reactions fast enough to produce observable effects.
Ecology: The study of relationships among organisms and between organisms and their environments. Ecology examines biological patterns across populations, communities, and ecosystems.
Apoptosis: A regulated process of cell death that removes cells without causing the usual inflammatory response. It shows how a cell-level event can shape tissue development and maintenance.
Homeostasis: The regulation of internal conditions within ranges compatible with life. It describes how organisms maintain stable conditions despite changing surroundings.
Feedback: A process in which a system's output influences its subsequent behavior. Feedback loops can stabilize biological conditions or amplify change.