Biomaterials

Biomaterials are natural or synthetic materials designed to interact with biological systems for medical purposes, such as replacing tissue, delivering drugs, or supporting healing.

Biocompatibility: The ability of a material to perform its intended function in a biological setting without causing unacceptable harm. It describes the biological acceptance biomaterials must achieve for their intended medical use.
Orthopedic Implant: A device implanted to replace, support, or repair bones and joints. Joint replacements show how biomaterials must combine load-bearing strength with tissue compatibility.
Biopolymer: A polymer produced by living organisms or derived from biological molecules. Biopolymers such as collagen and alginate supply naturally sourced biomaterial building blocks.
Autograft: Tissue transplanted from one site to another within the same individual. An autograft is living tissue rather than an engineered material, though it can serve similar repair goals.
Medical Device Regulation: The laws and procedures governing the safety, effectiveness, and marketing of medical devices. Biomaterial-containing devices must meet regulatory requirements before clinical use.
Foreign Body Reaction: The immune and tissue response that develops around an implanted object. Implants can trigger this response, which may isolate or damage the material.
Vascular Graft: A conduit used to replace or bypass a damaged blood vessel. Blood-contacting grafts expose material choices to clotting and vessel-healing demands.
Synthetic Polymer: A polymer made through chemical synthesis rather than produced directly by organisms. Synthetic polymers offer tunable composition and degradation for medical devices and scaffolds.
Allograft: A tissue transplant from a genetically different individual of the same species. Allografts are biological donor tissues that compete with synthetic biomaterials in reconstruction.
ISO 10993: An international standards series for evaluating the biological effects of medical devices. It provides a structured framework for testing biological risks of biomaterial devices.

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