Bipolar I disorder

Bipolar I disorder is a mood disorder defined by at least one manic episode. Major depressive episodes are common but are not required for diagnosis.

Manic episode: A sustained period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased activity or energy, causing marked impairment or requiring hospitalization. At least one manic episode is required to establish this diagnosis.
Bipolar disorder: A group of mood disorders involving episodes of mania or hypomania and often depression. Bipolar I disorder is one diagnosis within this broader family.
Lithium (medication): A mood-stabilizing medication used to treat and prevent episodes of bipolar disorder. Lithium is a long-established option for acute mania and relapse prevention.
Bipolar II disorder: A mood disorder defined by at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode, without a history of mania. Unlike bipolar I disorder, its diagnostic elevated episode is hypomania rather than mania.
Suicide prevention: Strategies and services intended to reduce suicide risk and support people in crisis. Depressive episodes can involve suicidal thoughts, making safety assessment essential.
Major depressive episode: A period of at least two weeks of depressive symptoms, including depressed mood or loss of interest, with significant distress or impairment. Depressive episodes often accompany bipolar I disorder but are not required for diagnosis.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: A manual published by the American Psychiatric Association that classifies mental disorders and sets diagnostic criteria. Its criteria specify how manic episodes establish the diagnosis.
Valproate: An anticonvulsant medication used to treat mania and other conditions. It is one pharmacological option for treating manic episodes.
Cyclothymic disorder: A chronic pattern of fluctuating hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet full episode criteria. It involves subthreshold mood symptoms rather than the defining manic episode.
Sleep and mental health: The reciprocal relationship between sleep patterns and psychological functioning. Sleep disruption can accompany episodes and may signal changes in mood.

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