Bit

A bit is a binary digit that takes one of two values, commonly written 0 and 1. It is also the basic unit of information in computing and information theory.

Boolean algebra: An algebraic system for operations on truth values, typically represented as true and false. Its operations provide the logic for combining and transforming binary values.
Shannon entropy: A measure of the average uncertainty of a random variable, expressed in bits when logarithms use base two. Entropy quantifies how much information a bit-valued source carries on average.
Character encoding: A system that maps text characters to numeric values and their digital representations. Encodings represent written symbols as sequences of bits.
Qubit: The basic unit of quantum information, represented by a state in a two-dimensional quantum system. Unlike a classical bit, a qubit can occupy a superposition of basis states.
Logic gate: An electronic circuit that performs a Boolean operation on one or more inputs. Logic gates implement operations on bits in digital circuits.
Binary alphabet: An alphabet consisting of exactly two symbols, often 0 and 1. A bit’s two possible values can be represented by the symbols of a binary alphabet.
Error-correcting code: A method of adding structured redundancy so data can be recovered despite errors. Redundant bit patterns allow corrupted data to be detected or corrected.
Trit: A digit or information unit that can take one of three distinct values. A trit has three possible values, while a bit has two.
Flip-flop (electronics): A bistable electronic circuit that stores one bit of state. A flip-flop gives a bit a persistent physical representation in a circuit.
Byte: A unit of digital information, commonly consisting of eight bits. Bytes group bits into a standard unit used for data and memory.

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