Black theology

Black theology is Christian theological reflection rooted in Black experiences and struggles. It interprets Christian faith in relation to racism, liberation, community, and the lives of Black people.

James H. Cone: James H. Cone was an American theologian who developed a foundational account of Black theology. His 1969 book established a major framework for interpreting the gospel through Black liberation.
Liberation theology: Liberation theology interprets Christian faith from the perspective of oppressed people seeking freedom and social transformation. Black theology is a context-specific liberation theology shaped by anti-Black racism and Black life.
Albert Cleage: Albert Cleage was a Detroit pastor and Black nationalist theologian who emphasized Jesus’ identification with oppressed Black people. His theology connected Christian identity to Black nationalism and community self-determination.
Womanist theology: Womanist theology is Christian theological reflection grounded especially in the experiences and struggles of Black women. It challenges accounts of liberation that treat Black men’s experience as representative of all Black people.
Black Lives Matter: Black Lives Matter is a movement opposing anti-Black racism and violence, especially state violence against Black people. The movement raises questions about dignity, protest, and justice that Black theology addresses.
Black Power: Black Power was a movement for Black self-determination, political agency, and cultural affirmation in the United States. Its challenge to white supremacy shaped Black theology’s language of liberation and self-determination.
Exodus: Exodus is the biblical account of Israel’s departure from slavery in Egypt and journey toward freedom. The story offers a biblical pattern for interpreting freedom from racial oppression.
Delores S. Williams: Delores S. Williams was an American womanist theologian whose work examined Black women’s experience and Christian tradition. Her critique brought Black women’s lives and survival into theological debates about liberation.
White theology: White theology is Christian theological reflection shaped by white social location and its historical institutions and assumptions. Black theologians expose how supposedly universal theology can preserve white power and racial hierarchy.
Mass incarceration: Mass incarceration is the large-scale imprisonment of people produced by criminal-justice policies and practices. Its racial disparities make prisons a contemporary site of theological critique and liberation work.

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