Blue economy

The sustainable use of ocean and coastal resources to support economic activity and livelihoods while maintaining healthy marine ecosystems.

Sustainable development: Development that meets present needs without undermining future generations’ ability to meet their own. The blue economy applies this principle to ocean resources and coastal livelihoods.
Sustainable fisheries: Fishing practices and management systems that maintain fish populations and the ecosystems on which they depend. Fisheries can provide food and jobs while staying within ecological limits.
Marine protected area: A geographically defined marine area managed to conserve nature and associated cultural values. Protected areas can safeguard the ecosystems on which sustainable ocean economies depend.
Ocean economy: The economic activities and industries that depend on oceans and coastal areas. Unlike the blue economy, the term does not inherently require sustainability or equity.
Marine ecosystem: A community of marine organisms interacting with one another and their physical environment. Ecosystem health is a condition the blue economy aims to maintain.
Aquaculture: The farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, shellfish, and seaweed. Aquaculture expands food production at sea but can create pollution and habitat pressures.
Blue carbon: Carbon captured and stored by coastal and marine ecosystems, especially mangroves, seagrasses, and tidal marshes. Blue-carbon projects connect habitat conservation with climate finance and coastal benefits.
Green economy: An economy that aims to improve human well-being and social equity while reducing environmental risks. It is the broader sustainability framework from which blue-economy thinking draws.
Ocean governance: The institutions, rules, and practices through which people manage ocean spaces and resources. Governance determines how ocean activity is coordinated and held accountable.
Offshore wind power: Electricity generation from wind turbines installed in marine waters. It is a growing ocean-based energy sector with competing claims on marine space.

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