Body odor

Body odor is a smell produced by the human body, often when skin microbes transform compounds in sweat and other secretions. Its intensity and character vary with physiology, hygiene, diet, health, and environment.

Apocrine sweat gland: A sweat gland concentrated in the armpits and groin that releases secretion into hair follicles. Its nutrient-rich secretion supplies microbes with compounds that generate much underarm odor.
Sweat: A fluid secreted by skin glands, primarily for cooling or as part of an emotional response. It supplies water and chemical precursors for many forms of body odor.
Antiperspirant: A topical product that reduces sweat reaching the skin surface, usually using aluminum salts. Reducing sweat can limit moisture and secretions that support odor formation.
Pheromone: A chemical signal released by an organism that alters the behavior or physiology of others of the same species. Body odor is often mistaken for pheromonal signaling, though human pheromones remain unestablished.
Eccrine sweat gland: A widespread sweat gland that releases watery fluid directly onto the skin surface. Its sweat is mostly odorless but can contribute to odor after microbial activity.
Sebum: An oily substance produced by sebaceous glands that lubricates skin and hair. Its lipids can be broken down by microbes and contribute to skin scent.
Deodorant: A product that reduces, masks, or alters body odor without necessarily stopping sweat. It targets odor directly through fragrance or antimicrobial ingredients.
Perfume: A fragrant mixture applied to the body or objects to create a desired scent. Perfume can mask or accompany body odor, but its purpose is deliberate fragrance.
Skin microbiome: The community of microorganisms living on and within the skin. Its composition helps determine which odor-producing reactions occur on skin.
Bacterial metabolism: The chemical reactions microorganisms use to obtain energy and build cellular materials. These reactions transform skin secretions into odor-active molecules.

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Personal hygieneRelated: Washing and changing clothing can reduce odor, though odor is not itself proof of poor hygiene.