Bohr model

The Bohr model depicts electrons in an atom as occupying discrete, quantized orbits around a small, positively charged nucleus. It explains hydrogen’s spectral lines by assigning each orbit a specific energy.

Bohr postulates: Bohr’s rules specify allowed electron orbits, their energies, and when electrons emit or absorb radiation. These rules define the model’s permitted states and spectral transitions.
Niels Bohr: Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist who developed an influential early quantum model of the atom. He introduced the model in 1913 to account for atomic structure and hydrogen’s spectrum.
Atomic nucleus: The atomic nucleus is the small, dense center of an atom, containing protons and usually neutrons. The model places its positively charged center at the nucleus.
Schrödinger equation: The Schrödinger equation governs how quantum-mechanical states change and supports calculations of atomic orbitals. It replaces fixed electron paths with quantum states that explain more complex atoms.
Bohr radius: The Bohr radius is the most probable distance between the proton and electron in hydrogen’s ground state. It gives the scale of the model’s smallest hydrogen orbit.
Ernest Rutherford: Ernest Rutherford was a physicist whose scattering experiments established the atom’s small, dense, positive nucleus. Bohr built quantized electron orbits around Rutherford’s nuclear atom.
Coulomb's law: Coulomb’s law describes the electric force between charged particles as dependent on their charges and separation. It supplies the attractive force between the nucleus and an electron.
Quantum mechanical model of the atom: The quantum mechanical model describes electrons through quantum states and probability distributions rather than definite classical orbits. It is the broader modern framework that superseded Bohr’s orbit picture.
Rydberg formula: The Rydberg formula calculates the wavelengths of spectral lines emitted or absorbed by hydrogen and hydrogen-like ions. Bohr’s energy levels reproduce this formula for hydrogen’s spectral lines.
Rutherford model: The Rutherford model describes electrons around a compact positive nucleus but does not provide quantized stable orbits. It supplied the nuclear structure that Bohr modified to avoid atomic collapse.

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