Knowra Bologna Process Bologna Process The Bologna Process is a European intergovernmental initiative to make higher education systems more comparable and compatible, supporting mobility and recognition of qualifications across borders.
Three-cycle degree system : A higher-education structure organized into bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral cycles. The Process promotes these cycles as a common framework for degrees across participating countries.
Bologna Declaration : A 1999 declaration by European ministers that launched the process of higher-education reform associated with Bologna. It established the initial goals and timetable for the initiative.
Student mobility : The movement of students between institutions or countries for part or all of their education. Compatible credits and qualifications are intended to make study across borders more practical.
European Qualifications Framework : A European Union framework for comparing qualifications across countries and education sectors. It covers learning from multiple sectors, whereas Bologna focuses on higher education cooperation.
European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System : A framework that expresses student workload and learning outcomes in transferable higher-education credits. ECTS supports credit accumulation and recognition when students move between institutions.
Sorbonne Declaration : A 1998 declaration by France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom calling for greater European convergence in higher education. It was the immediate precursor to the Bologna Declaration.
Recognition of academic qualifications : The formal acceptance of an educational qualification for study, employment, or professional purposes. Improving cross-border recognition is a central purpose of the Process.
Lisbon Recognition Convention : A Council of Europe and UNESCO treaty on recognition of qualifications concerning higher education in Europe. It provides a legal basis for fair recognition alongside Bologna’s reform agenda.
Diploma Supplement : A document describing a higher-education qualification, its level, content, and status. It makes qualifications easier to interpret across national education systems.
Prague Communiqué : A 2001 ministerial statement that reviewed and extended the Bologna reforms. It added lifelong learning, student participation, and the attractiveness of European higher education to the agenda.
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