Bolt-action rifle

A firearm in which the shooter manually cycles a bolt to load a cartridge into the chamber and extract its spent case. Its action typically locks the breech during firing.

Bolt action: A firearm action in which a manually operated bolt loads and extracts cartridges. The rifle is a long gun built around this manually cycled action.
Bolt (firearms): A firearm component that closes the breech and often controls feeding, extraction, and ejection. It is the manually moved component at the center of the rifle’s action.
Dreyse needle gun: A 19th-century Prussian breech-loading rifle using a bolt action and needle-shaped firing pin. It was an early military bolt-action rifle, adopted by Prussia in 1841.
Semi-automatic rifle: A rifle that uses energy from each shot to load the next cartridge and fire once per trigger pull. Unlike a bolt-action rifle, it cycles cartridges without manual operation between shots.
Remington Model 700: An American bolt-action rifle introduced in 1962 and produced in numerous configurations. Its sporting and precision variants demonstrate the action’s broad civilian use.
Breechloader: A firearm loaded through an opening at the rear of its barrel. The bolt gives this rifle a secure, repeatable way to load through the breech.
Firing pin: A component that strikes a cartridge primer to initiate ignition. The bolt houses or carries the part that strikes the primer when the rifle fires.
Mauser Model 1871: A German single-shot bolt-action rifle adopted by the Prussian army in 1871. Its adoption helped establish Mauser bolt-action designs in military service.
Lever-action rifle: A rifle whose action is cycled by moving a lever around the trigger area. Both actions require manual cycling, but this rifle uses a lever rather than a bolt.
Winchester Model 70: An American bolt-action rifle introduced in 1936 for sporting and other uses. It is a prominent sporting rifle built around a controlled-feed bolt design.

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