Bolt action

A firearm operating mechanism in which the shooter manually moves a bolt to extract and eject a cartridge case, feed a new cartridge, and lock the breech.

Breechblock: A movable or fixed component that closes the rear of a firearm’s chamber and contains firing pressure. The bolt is a breechblock that locks behind the chamber during firing.
Receiver (firearms): The structural part of a firearm that houses or supports its action and connects major components. It guides the bolt and provides the surfaces against which it locks.
Lever-action firearm: A repeating firearm operated by moving a lever, usually beneath the receiver. Both require manual cycling, but a lever replaces the bolt handle’s motion.
Mauser 98: A German bolt-action rifle action introduced by Mauser in 1898, known for its controlled-round feed and dual locking lugs. Its design became a major reference point for military and sporting bolt actions.
Pauly gun: An early breechloading firearm designed by Jean Samuel Pauly in the early nineteenth century. Its breechloading design belongs to the technological ancestry of later bolt-operated arms.
Bolt-action cycle: The sequence of opening, extracting, ejecting, feeding, chambering, and locking performed by a bolt-action firearm. This cycle describes the shooter’s complete manual operation between shots.
Chamber (firearms): The portion of a firearm that holds a cartridge in position for firing. The bolt closes behind the chamber to contain firing pressure.
Pump-action firearm: A repeating firearm operated by sliding a handguard or fore-end back and forth. Its reciprocating fore-end cycles the action instead of a manually operated bolt.
Lee–Enfield: A British bolt-action rifle used by the armed forces of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth. Its rear-locking action and large magazine shaped a prominent military example.
Dreyse needle gun: A nineteenth-century Prussian bolt-action rifle that used a long needle-like firing pin to ignite a paper cartridge. It established a prominent military use for the bolt-action mechanism.

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