Borate

A negatively charged ion or compound containing boron and oxygen, commonly formed from boric acid. Borates occur in minerals, aqueous solutions, and industrial materials.

Boric acid: A weak Lewis acid with formula B(OH)₃ that acts as a source of borate species in water. Its reaction with water produces borate ions and related dissolved species.
Boric acid–borate buffer: An aqueous buffer system based on boric acid and borate species. The acid–base balance between these forms lets borate solutions resist pH changes.
Borosilicate glass: A glass containing substantial silica and boron oxide, valued for low thermal expansion and chemical durability. Borate-derived boron oxide helps give this glass its heat-resistant properties.
Ulexite: A hydrated sodium-calcium borate mineral with fibrous crystals and a characteristic optical effect. Its unusual crystal fibers illustrate borate minerals’ varied structures and physical properties.
Boron: The chemical element with atomic number 5, a metalloid that forms diverse covalent compounds. Boron is the central element whose oxygen compounds define borates.
Borate speciation: The distribution of distinct boron-containing species in a solution under specified conditions. It describes which borate forms are present at a given pH and concentration.
Borax: A hydrated sodium borate mineral and industrial chemical, commonly written Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O. This familiar borate supplies boron compounds for cleaning, glassmaking, and other uses.
Colemanite: A hydrated calcium borate mineral that is an important natural source of boron. It exemplifies a naturally occurring borate distinct from sodium-rich borax.
Oxide: A chemical compound containing oxygen bonded to another element. Borate structures are built from boron–oxygen units, though their bonding is more varied than simple oxides.
Polyborate: A borate ion or structure containing multiple linked boron–oxygen units. Borate units can condense into larger ions as solution conditions change.

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