Boris I of Bulgaria

Boris I ruled Bulgaria from 852 to 889, adopting Christianity for the state and supporting the development of Slavic-language literacy and worship.

Christianization of Bulgaria: The ninth-century adoption of Christianity by the Bulgarian state and population. Boris’s decision initiated this transformation and made Christianity Bulgaria’s state religion.
Byzantine–Bulgarian War of 855–856: A military conflict between the Byzantine Empire and Bulgaria during the reign of Boris I. The conflict formed part of the pressure and negotiations preceding Boris’s conversion.
Clement of Ohrid: A medieval Bulgarian bishop, teacher, and writer associated with the development of Slavic Christian learning. Boris welcomed Clement’s mission, which trained clergy and strengthened Slavic worship.
Paganism in medieval Bulgaria: The pre-Christian religious practices of the early medieval Bulgarian state and its population. Boris’s adoption of Christianity displaced the older religious order and provoked opposition.
Preslav Literary School: A medieval Bulgarian center of Slavic literary production and education, established in the late ninth century. Boris’s support for Slavic Christian culture helped prepare the way for its work.
Byzantine Empire: The eastern continuation of the Roman Empire, centered on Constantinople and lasting until 1453. Boris negotiated with Byzantium and received the Christian mission that shaped Bulgaria’s conversion.
Naum of Preslav: A medieval Bulgarian cleric and educator who helped build Slavic literary culture in Bulgaria. Naum’s work continued the educational project supported during Boris’s reign.
Roman Catholic Church: The Western Christian church headed by the bishop of Rome. Boris considered Roman church ties as an alternative to dependence on Constantinople.
Cyrillic script: A writing system developed in the medieval First Bulgarian Empire and used for many Slavic languages. Its early development in Bulgaria advanced the Slavic literacy Boris encouraged.
Constantinople: The historic city founded as the Roman Empire’s eastern capital, now part of Istanbul. Its patriarchate and imperial court were central to the religious diplomacy around Bulgaria.

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