Borneo lowland rain forests

A tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion spanning lowland Borneo, known for evergreen forests and exceptional biodiversity.

Borneo: An island in Southeast Asia divided among Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei. The ecoregion occupies the island’s lowland belt.
Emergent layer: The tallest trees rising above a forest’s main canopy. Some Bornean dipterocarps reach above the continuous canopy.
Deforestation in Borneo: The removal or conversion of forest across the island of Borneo. Clearing for plantations, timber, and infrastructure has reduced lowland forest cover.
Bornean orangutan: A great ape native to Borneo, living mainly in forests and spending much of its time in trees. Its survival depends on connected forest habitat across the island.
Tropical rainforest: A warm, wet forest biome with dense vegetation and high biological diversity. Borneo’s lowland forests are a regional example of this biome.
Forest canopy: The continuous upper layer of tree crowns in a forest. Its layered crowns create habitat and regulate light below.
Palm oil: An edible vegetable oil obtained from the fruit of oil palm species. Oil-palm plantations have replaced extensive areas of Bornean lowland forest.
Bornean pygmy elephant: A small-bodied population of Asian elephants native to northeastern Borneo. Its restricted range includes lowland forest landscapes under intense pressure.
Tropical climate: A climate of consistently warm temperatures, with rainfall patterns shaped by seasonal circulation. Year-round warmth and abundant rain support evergreen forest growth.
Masting: Synchronized, intermittent production of large seed crops by populations of plants. Many Bornean dipterocarps produce abundant seeds in irregular synchronized events.

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