Borneo

Borneo is an island in Southeast Asia shared by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei. It is the world’s third-largest island and contains extensive tropical rainforests.

Borneo lowland rain forests: A tropical forest ecoregion covering much of Borneo’s lowlands. These forests cover large parts of the island and support its exceptional biodiversity.
Bornean orangutan: An orangutan species native to Borneo’s forests. Its habitat and survival are closely affected by forest loss across the island.
Sundaland: The shallow continental shelf of Southeast Asia exposed during glacial low sea levels. Borneo was connected to mainland Southeast Asia across Sundaland during parts of the Ice Age.
Borneo rainforest deforestation: The loss and degradation of forest cover across Borneo. Agriculture, logging, and infrastructure have made forest loss a defining island-wide pressure.
Kalimantan: The Indonesian portion of Borneo, comprising most of the island. Kalimantan occupies the largest share of Borneo and contains its southern and central regions.
Borneo elephant: A small-bodied population of Asian elephants found in northeastern Borneo. Its restricted range makes land-use change in Sabah especially consequential.
South China Sea basin: A tectonic basin underlying much of the South China Sea. Its geological development shaped the seas and continental margins surrounding Borneo.
Heart of Borneo: A conservation initiative for a large transboundary forest region in Borneo’s interior. Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei coordinate conservation efforts through this initiative.
Sabah: A Malaysian state occupying the northeastern part of Borneo. Sabah is one of the island’s two Malaysian states.
Palm oil: An edible vegetable oil produced from the fruit of oil palm trees. Oil-palm plantations have replaced substantial areas of Borneo’s forests.

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