Bottom quark

The bottom quark is an elementary particle with electric charge −⅓ and a mass of about four times the proton’s. It is also called the beauty quark.

Quark: A quark is an elementary fermion that participates in the strong interaction and combines into hadrons. The bottom quark is one of the six quark flavors.
Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix: The Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix describes how quark flavors mix in weak interactions. Its elements set the probabilities for bottom-quark transitions to other flavors.
Bottomonium: Bottomonium is a family of mesons made from a bottom quark and its antiquark. Its discovery provided a clean experimental signature of bottom-quark production.
B-factory: A B-factory is an electron–positron collider designed to produce large samples of B mesons. These colliders enable precise measurements of bottom-hadron decays.
Standard Model: The Standard Model is the quantum field theory describing known elementary particles and three of their fundamental interactions. It classifies the bottom quark as a third-generation matter particle.
B meson: A B meson is a hadron containing a bottom quark or antiquark paired with a light quark or antiquark. Bottom quarks are most often studied through the decays of B mesons.
Upsilons particle: The upsilon particle is the lowest-mass bottomonium state, composed of a bottom quark and antiquark. Its 1977 discovery at Fermilab announced the bottom quark.
Belle II: Belle II is a particle physics experiment at the SuperKEKB electron–positron collider in Japan. It measures rare decays and CP violation in bottom hadrons.
Electric charge: Electric charge is a conserved property that determines how particles interact electromagnetically. The bottom quark’s charge is −⅓ in units of the proton’s charge.
Bottom baryon: A bottom baryon is a baryon containing at least one bottom quark. These hadrons reveal how bottom quarks behave alongside two other quarks.

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