Bouldering

Bouldering is rock climbing on short routes called problems, without ropes. Climbers typically use crash pads and spotters to reduce injury risk from falls.

Climbing hold: A surface or feature used by a climber’s hands or feet for support. Hold shape and orientation determine the grips and footholds available on a problem.
Rock climbing: The activity of ascending natural rock or artificial climbing surfaces using hands and feet. Bouldering is one form of rock climbing, distinguished by short routes and no ropes.
Competition climbing: Organized sport climbing in which athletes attempt routes or problems under standardized rules. Bouldering is one of the disciplines contested in sport-climbing events.
Sport climbing: Rope climbing on routes protected by fixed bolts attached to the rock or wall. Unlike bouldering, sport climbing uses a rope and protection to manage longer falls.
Climbing ethics: Shared principles and practices concerning responsible conduct in climbing. Boulderers negotiate acceptable cleaning, brushing, chalk use, and access to rock.
Crash pad: A portable foam mat designed to cushion falls during climbing. Pads are placed beneath problems to soften landings on uneven ground.
Climbing technique: The body positions and movements used to ascend a climbing route efficiently. Footwork, balance, and body positioning underpin movement on bouldering problems.
IFSC Climbing World Cup: An annual international series of sport-climbing competitions organized by the International Federation of Sport Climbing. Its events include a bouldering discipline with timed attempts and multiple problems.
Trad climbing: Rope climbing in which climbers place and remove their own temporary protective gear. Its reliance on placed protection contrasts with bouldering’s pads and low-height falls.
Leave No Trace: A set of outdoor ethics intended to minimize human impacts on natural areas. Responsible bouldering includes limiting damage to rock, vegetation, and landing areas.

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