Brain–computer interface

A system that translates brain activity into commands for a computer or other external device. It can enable communication or control without muscular movement.

Electroencephalography: A method for recording electrical activity from the scalp using electrodes. It is a common noninvasive way to capture signals for brain–computer interfaces.
Augmentative and alternative communication: Methods and tools that supplement or replace speech for people with communication disabilities. Brain interfaces can provide an alternative route for composing messages.
Invasive brain–computer interface: A brain–computer interface that uses electrodes implanted in brain tissue or placed on its surface. It is a more direct approach than sensors worn outside the skull.
Hans Berger: A German psychiatrist who pioneered human electroencephalography in the 1920s. His recordings made noninvasive measurement of human brain rhythms possible.
Neural signal drift: Changes over time in the relationship between neural activity and recorded signals. Drift can reduce decoder accuracy and require recalibration.
Electrocorticography: A method for recording brain activity with electrodes placed directly on the cerebral cortex. It offers more detailed signals than scalp recordings but requires surgery.
Brain-controlled prosthesis: A prosthetic limb controlled through commands decoded from brain activity. It applies neural decoding to movement beyond the body.
Noninvasive brain–computer interface: A brain–computer interface that measures neural activity without surgically implanted electrodes. It avoids neurosurgery, typically trading signal detail for accessibility.
José Manuel Rodríguez Delgado: A Spanish neuroscientist known for experiments using implanted electrodes to stimulate the brain. His work helped establish direct electrical interaction with the nervous system.
Neuroethics: The study of ethical, legal, and social questions raised by neuroscience and neurotechnology. Interfaces raise questions about privacy, agency, access, and responsibility.

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