Knowra Brain injury Brain injury Brain injury is damage to brain tissue or function caused by trauma, disrupted blood supply, infection, toxins, or other insults. Its effects range from temporary changes to permanent disability or death.
Traumatic brain injury : Brain dysfunction or damage caused by an external mechanical force. It is the injury pathway caused by blows, acceleration, or penetrating trauma.
Neuron : An electrically excitable cell that communicates through electrical signals and chemical synapses. Neuronal damage is a central cellular basis of many brain-injury effects.
Glasgow Coma Scale : A clinical scale that scores eye, verbal, and motor responses to assess consciousness. Clinicians use it to describe responsiveness after acute brain injury.
Aphasia : An acquired language disorder caused by damage to brain networks supporting language. Injury to language networks can impair speaking, understanding, reading, or writing.
Stroke : A sudden neurological injury caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain or bleeding within it. Stroke is a broader vascular category that includes ischemic and hemorrhagic injury.
Ischemic stroke : Brain tissue injury caused by blocked blood flow to part of the brain. It shows how loss of blood supply deprives brain cells of oxygen and glucose.
Glial cell : A non-neuronal nervous-system cell that supports, protects, or regulates neural activity. Glia shape inflammation, repair, and the environment surrounding injured neurons.
Computed tomography : An imaging method that reconstructs cross-sectional images from X-ray measurements. CT can rapidly reveal skull fractures and acute bleeding after injury.
Amnesia : A significant impairment of memory, involving difficulty forming or retrieving memories. Damage to memory systems can disrupt learning or recall after brain injury.
Encephalitis : Inflammation of brain tissue, commonly caused by infection or an autoimmune process. It can cause brain dysfunction through inflammation rather than mechanical trauma.
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