Brain tumor

A brain tumor is an abnormal growth in or near the brain, arising from brain-associated tissue or spreading from another site. It may be benign or malignant.

Glioma: A tumor arising from glial cells or their precursors in the central nervous system. Gliomas are a broad family of primary brain tumors defined by their glial lineage.
Intracranial pressure: The pressure inside the skull, produced by brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. Tumor growth or swelling can raise pressure in the confined skull.
Magnetic resonance imaging: An imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the body. MRI is the main imaging method for locating and characterizing many brain tumors.
Glioblastoma: A highly aggressive diffuse glioma of the adult central nervous system. Glioblastoma illustrates a malignant primary tumor that infiltrates brain tissue.
IDH mutation: A mutation in an isocitrate dehydrogenase gene that alters cellular metabolism and defines important glioma subtypes. IDH status changes tumor classification and prognosis in diffuse gliomas.
Meningioma: A tumor arising from the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Meningiomas grow beside the brain and are often benign, though some behave aggressively.
Cerebral edema: Excess fluid in brain tissue that causes swelling and can impair neurological function. Edema around a tumor can worsen symptoms beyond the tumor's direct effects.
Stereotactic biopsy: A procedure that uses three-dimensional imaging guidance to sample tissue from a precisely targeted location. Biopsy can establish a tumor's diagnosis when removal is not appropriate.
Vestibular schwannoma: A usually benign tumor arising from Schwann cells of the vestibular portion of cranial nerve VIII. It grows near the brain but originates on a cranial nerve rather than in brain tissue.
MGMT promoter methylation: Chemical methylation of the MGMT gene's promoter that reduces expression of a DNA-repair enzyme. It helps predict benefit from temozolomide in some gliomas.

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