Brazilian abolitionism

Brazilian abolitionism was the movement to end slavery in Brazil. It culminated in the Lei Áurea, which abolished slavery in 1888.

Atlantic slave trade: The forced transportation of millions of Africans across the Atlantic for enslavement in the Americas and Europe. Its suppression and eventual end changed the supply of enslaved people in Brazil and sharpened disputes over slavery.
Luís Gama: A Brazilian abolitionist, journalist, and lawyer who used legal actions to secure freedom for enslaved people. His courtroom work turned abolition into a practical struggle over individual freedom.
Abolitionism: A movement seeking to end slavery and the institutions that sustain it. Brazilian abolitionism was a national instance of this broader political movement.
Brazilian Empire: The constitutional monarchy that governed Brazil from independence in 1822 until the republic was proclaimed in 1889. Abolition weakened the monarchy’s support among slaveholding elites in its final years.
British abolitionism: The movement in Britain that campaigned to end the slave trade and slavery across the British Empire. British pressure helped secure Brazil’s 1850 ban on the transatlantic slave trade.
Joaquim Nabuco: A Brazilian politician, diplomat, and writer who became one of the leading public advocates of abolition. His speeches and writing argued that slavery had to end through national political action.
Abolitionist societies: Voluntary organizations that campaigned to end slavery through public advocacy, fundraising, and political pressure. Brazilian societies coordinated lectures, publications, and aid for people escaping slavery.
Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil: The 1889 military-led overthrow of Brazil’s monarchy and establishment of a republic. The monarchy’s loss of support after abolition formed part of the political crisis preceding the coup.
Eusébio de Queirós Law: A Brazilian law enacted in 1850 that prohibited the transatlantic slave trade. It curtailed legal imports of enslaved Africans while leaving slavery itself intact.
José do Patrocínio: A Brazilian journalist and abolitionist who helped organize campaigns and public demonstrations against slavery. His newspaper work and organizing connected abolitionist ideas to urban mobilization.

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