Brazilian modernism

Brazilian modernism was an early twentieth-century movement in literature and the arts that challenged academic conventions and reworked international influences into forms associated with Brazilian life and culture.

Modern Art Week: A 1922 arts festival in São Paulo that presented modernist works and provoked public debate. Its performances and exhibitions became the movement’s landmark public launch.
Mário de Andrade: A Brazilian writer, musicologist, and critic who helped lead modernism in São Paulo. His fiction and criticism joined formal experimentation to research into Brazilian culture.
Anthropophagic Manifesto: A 1928 text by Oswald de Andrade proposing cultural cannibalism as a model for Brazilian creation. It gave the movement its boldest metaphor for absorbing and remaking foreign influences.
Abaporu: A 1928 painting by Tarsila do Amaral depicting an oversized figure against a sparse landscape. Its imagery inspired Oswald de Andrade’s Anthropophagic Manifesto.
Brazilian concrete poetry: A mid-twentieth-century Brazilian poetry movement that organized language as visual and spatial form. Its formal radicalism extended modernism’s challenge to conventional literary expression.
São Paulo: A major Brazilian city whose expanding urban culture shaped early modernist networks. The city’s cultural institutions and social change formed the movement’s initial setting.
Oswald de Andrade: A Brazilian writer and polemicist associated with the Pau-Brasil and Anthropophagic manifestos. He argued for transforming imported culture through a distinctively Brazilian creative appetite.
Pau-Brasil Manifesto: A 1924 text by Oswald de Andrade advocating a deliberately exportable, locally grounded Brazilian poetry. It links formal simplicity and Brazilian subject matter to a program of cultural independence.
Macunaíma: A 1928 novel by Mário de Andrade about a shape-shifting figure described as a hero without character. Its hybrid language and folklore remake national culture through a deliberately unruly narrative.
Tropicalia: A late-1960s Brazilian cultural movement blending popular music, avant-garde art, and mass culture. Its cultural cannibalism revived and transformed modernist strategies for a new political era.

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