British colonial Nigeria

British colonial Nigeria was the British-administered territory formed by joining the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria with the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria in 1914. It remained under British rule until independence in 1960.

Indirect rule: A system of colonial governance that ruled through local authorities while retaining ultimate power in colonial hands. Frederick Lugard used it to govern much of Nigeria through emirs and other established authorities.
Royal Niger Company: A British chartered company that controlled trade and claimed administrative authority in parts of the Niger basin during the late nineteenth century. Its territories and agreements helped establish the groundwork for British rule.
Nigeria–Cameroon boundary: The international boundary separating Nigeria and Cameroon, shaped substantially by agreements made during European colonial rule. British and German boundary-making left disputes and divided communities at independence.
French West Africa: A federation of French colonial territories in West Africa administered from Dakar between 1895 and 1958. Its centralized French administrative model differed from Britain's reliance on regional authorities in Nigeria.
Frederick Lugard: A British colonial administrator who served as governor of Northern Nigeria and later governor-general of Nigeria. He helped design indirect rule and oversaw the 1914 amalgamation.
Berlin Conference: An 1884–1885 diplomatic meeting at which European powers set rules for claiming territory in Africa. Its rules accelerated European claims that Britain used to consolidate control in the Niger region.
Nigerian nationalism: Political movements advocating self-government and independence for Nigeria from British rule. Nationalist organizing challenged colonial authority and pressed for constitutional change.
Gold Coast Colony: A British colony in present-day Ghana, governed separately from Nigeria until Ghanaian independence in 1957. Its path to independence preceded Nigeria's and offers a comparison within British West Africa.
Native Authority: A colonial-era local government institution that exercised delegated powers under British supervision. Native Authorities made indirect rule an administrative system across many Nigerian districts.
Southern Nigeria Protectorate: A British protectorate established in 1900 from territories around the Niger Delta and the Gulf of Guinea coast. It was one of the two administrations merged in 1914.

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