Brønsted–Lowry base

A Brønsted–Lowry base is a species that accepts a proton from a Brønsted–Lowry acid, forming its conjugate acid.

Proton transfer: The movement of a proton from one chemical species to another. A Brønsted–Lowry base acts by receiving the transferred proton.
Proton: A positively charged subatomic particle found in atomic nuclei; in acid–base chemistry, the transferred hydrogen ion. It is the particle a Brønsted–Lowry base accepts.
Ammonia: A nitrogen hydride, NH₃, that accepts protons to form ammonium ions. It is a familiar molecular base whose nitrogen lone pair binds a proton.
Brønsted–Lowry acid: A species that donates a proton in a Brønsted–Lowry acid–base reaction. It supplies the proton that a Brønsted–Lowry base accepts.
Conjugate acid: The species formed when a Brønsted–Lowry base accepts a proton. Every base becomes its conjugate acid when protonated.
Lone pair: A pair of valence electrons not shared in a covalent bond. Many bases use a lone pair to bond to an incoming proton.
Hydroxide ion: A negatively charged ion, OH⁻, that accepts a proton to form water. It exemplifies a charged base in aqueous neutralization.
Arrhenius base: A substance that increases hydroxide-ion concentration in aqueous solution. This definition focuses on aqueous hydroxide production, unlike proton acceptance.
Conjugate acid–base pair: Two species related by the gain or loss of one proton. The base and the species it becomes form one such pair.
Electronegativity: A measure of an atom's tendency to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond. It helps explain how atom identity affects the availability of a base's electrons.

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