Brookhaven National Laboratory

Brookhaven National Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy research center in Upton, New York, on Long Island. It operates major scientific facilities and conducts research in physics, energy, climate, and the life sciences.

U.S. Department of Energy: A federal department responsible for U.S. energy policy, nuclear security, and scientific research. The department funds and oversees Brookhaven as one of its national laboratories.
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: A particle collider at Brookhaven that collides heavy ions and polarized protons at relativistic energies. RHIC enables Brookhaven experiments on the quark–gluon plasma and proton structure.
Manhattan Project: The U.S.-led World War II program that developed the first nuclear weapons. Brookhaven was established after the war to continue nuclear research and repurpose wartime expertise.
Isidor Isaac Rabi: An American physicist who helped establish Brookhaven National Laboratory and won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physics. Rabi was a leading advocate for creating a national laboratory for postwar research.
J/ψ meson: A subatomic meson composed of a charm quark and an anticharm quark, discovered in 1974. Its discovery at Brookhaven helped establish the existence of the charm quark.
Upton, New York: A hamlet in the Town of Brookhaven on Long Island, New York. Brookhaven National Laboratory occupies a large site near Upton.
National Synchrotron Light Source II: A Brookhaven synchrotron facility that produces bright X-rays for scientific experiments. NSLS-II supplies intense X-rays to study materials, chemical reactions, and biological structures.
Atomic Energy Commission: The U.S. federal agency that directed civilian and military nuclear research from 1946 to 1975. The commission created Brookhaven in 1947 to support postwar nuclear science.
Chen-Ning Yang: A Chinese-American theoretical physicist whose work on parity violation earned the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics. Yang’s Brookhaven-linked collaboration with Tsung-Dao Lee transformed particle physics.
Parity violation: The failure of a physical interaction to remain unchanged under spatial reflection. A Brookhaven experiment confirmed that the weak interaction violates parity symmetry.

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