Burial

Burial is the placement of a deceased person's body in the ground or another designated resting place. It may follow cultural, religious, or legal customs.

Grave: A place in the ground where a body or human remains are buried. A grave is the most familiar resting place created by burial.
Funeral: A ceremony or set of rites held in connection with someone's death and body. Funerals may culminate in burial and give it communal meaning.
Shanidar Cave: A cave in Iraqi Kurdistan containing Neanderthal remains and traces of prehistoric occupation. Its Neanderthal remains prompted debate about early mortuary behavior.
Green burial: Burial that limits environmental impacts by avoiding practices such as embalming and nonbiodegradable materials. It adapts burial to ecological priorities.
Neanderthal burial debate: The scholarly dispute over whether Neanderthals deliberately buried their dead. It tests which archaeological traces count as evidence of intentional burial.
Coffin: A box used to contain a dead body for burial or cremation. A coffin can enclose the body before it is placed in a grave.
Mourning: The social and personal practices through which people respond to a death. Burial can provide a shared setting for mourning.
Sungir: An Upper Paleolithic archaeological site in Russia known for richly furnished human burials. Its elaborate graves show how burial could mark identity and status.
Natural burial ground: A burial site managed to preserve or restore natural habitat and landscape. It provides a setting specifically designed for lower-impact burial.
Mass grave: A single burial place containing multiple human bodies, often associated with violence or epidemic death. Mass graves raise urgent questions about identification, evidence, and respectful treatment.

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