Burton Richter

Burton Richter (1931–2018) was an American physicist who shared the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering the J/ψ meson, evidence for the charm quark.

Samuel Ting: Samuel Ting is an American physicist who shared the 1976 Nobel Prize for discovering the J particle at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Ting’s independent discovery of the same particle led to the Nobel Prize shared with Richter.
SPEAR: SPEAR was an electron–positron storage ring at SLAC used for particle physics experiments. Richter led the project that built SPEAR and used it to find the J/ψ.
California Institute of Technology: The California Institute of Technology is a private research university in Pasadena, California. Richter earned his doctorate there under Richard Feynman.
GIM mechanism: The GIM mechanism explains the suppression of certain weak interactions through the existence of the charm quark. The J/ψ discovery confirmed a quark whose existence had helped resolve a theoretical puzzle.
Gerson Goldhaber: Gerson Goldhaber was a physicist who helped lead the SPEAR team that discovered the J/ψ meson. Goldhaber was a key collaborator in Richter’s Stanford discovery.
Electron–positron collider: An electron–positron collider brings beams of electrons and positrons into collision to produce and study particles. SPEAR’s colliding beams created the conditions for Richter’s resonance scan.
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center: The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, now SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is a particle-physics research center in California. Richter spent his career at SLAC, where his group built SPEAR.
Standard Model: The Standard Model is the theory describing known elementary particles and three of their fundamental interactions. Evidence for charm strengthened the emerging picture of quarks in the Standard Model.
Martin Perl: Martin Perl was an American physicist who discovered the tau lepton at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Perl’s Nobel-winning work at SLAC followed the laboratory tradition Richter helped establish.
Resonance: In particle physics, a resonance is a short-lived state produced when collision energy matches a particle’s mass. The sharp increase in production at one energy revealed the J/ψ resonance.

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