Byzantine–Bulgarian wars

The Byzantine–Bulgarian wars were recurring armed conflicts between the Byzantine Empire and Bulgarian states from the late seventh century through the fourteenth century.

Battle of Ongal: A battle in 680 or 681 in which Bulgar forces defeated a Byzantine army near the Danube delta. The victory enabled Asparuh’s Bulgars to establish a state south of the Danube.
Old Great Bulgaria: A seventh-century polity north of the Black Sea associated with the Bulgar ruler Kubrat. Its fragmentation preceded the migration that brought Asparuh’s Bulgars into Byzantine territory.
Krum of Bulgaria: A Bulgarian ruler from 803 to 814 who expanded his state and inflicted major defeats on Byzantium. His campaigns culminated in the destruction of Nikephoros I’s army at Pliska.
Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria: The Byzantine annexation of the First Bulgarian Empire, completed in 1018 after prolonged campaigns. It was the wars’ most sweeping territorial outcome before Bulgarian restoration.
Battle of Pliska: A 811 battle in which Khan Krum’s forces destroyed the Byzantine army and killed Emperor Nikephoros I. It was one of Byzantium’s most catastrophic defeats in the wars.
Asparuh: A Bulgar ruler who led his followers across the Danube and founded the First Bulgarian Empire. His settlement brought Byzantium into sustained conflict with a new Balkan power.
Simeon I of Bulgaria: A Bulgarian ruler from 893 to 927 whose reign brought the First Bulgarian Empire to its greatest power. His wars with Byzantium included the decisive victory at Anchialus in 917.
Second Bulgarian Empire: A Bulgarian state established after the uprising of 1185 and lasting until the Ottoman conquest. Its emergence renewed large-scale conflict with Byzantium after nearly two centuries of imperial rule.
Battle of Anchialus (917): A 917 battle in which Bulgarian forces under Simeon I defeated a Byzantine army near the Black Sea. Simeon’s victory brought Bulgaria close to dominance in the Balkans.
First Bulgarian Empire: A medieval Bulgarian state, conventionally dated from the late seventh century to the Byzantine conquest in 1018. Its expansion and survival defined the earliest centuries of Byzantine–Bulgarian warfare.

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