Cairo

Cairo is Egypt’s capital and largest city, situated on the Nile in the country’s northeast. Its metropolitan region is a major political, cultural, and economic center.

Fustat: Fustat was the first Arab-founded capital of Egypt, established after the Muslim conquest in 641. Founded south of modern Cairo, Fustat preceded the city and became part of its urban core.
Citadel of Cairo: The Citadel of Cairo is a medieval fortress complex built on a spur of the Mokattam hills. Saladin began the citadel to defend the city; it later served as a seat of government.
Government of Egypt: The Government of Egypt is the national executive authority responsible for administering the country. Cairo hosts the government’s central institutions and diplomatic missions.
Nile: The Nile is a major river system in northeastern Africa that flows north to the Mediterranean Sea. The river runs through Cairo and has shaped the city’s settlement, transport, and growth.
New Administrative Capital: The New Administrative Capital is a planned Egyptian city east of Cairo, under development to host government institutions. Its construction aims to ease pressure on Cairo and relocate some national offices.
Al-Qahira: Al-Qahira is the walled city founded by the Fatimids in 969, whose name became Cairo. The Fatimid foundation gave Cairo its name and established a new center beside Fustat.
Al-Azhar Mosque: Al-Azhar Mosque is a major mosque and center of Islamic learning founded in Fatimid Cairo in 970. Its Fatimid origins and continuing religious role make it one of Cairo’s defining institutions.
Cairo Metro: The Cairo Metro is a rapid-transit system serving Cairo and nearby parts of Greater Cairo. It carries large numbers of commuters through one of Africa’s most congested urban regions.
Giza: Giza is a city on the west bank of the Nile, forming part of Greater Cairo. Giza’s urban area is continuous with Cairo and includes the famous pyramid complex.
Luxor: Luxor is a city in southern Egypt, known for ancient Thebes and its concentration of archaeological sites. Unlike Cairo’s political and metropolitan role, Luxor is internationally known chiefly for ancient monuments and tourism.

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