Calais

Calais is a port city in northern France on the Strait of Dover, opposite Dover, England. Its position has made it a major Channel crossing point and a strategic site in European history.

Port of Calais: A seaport in Calais handling passenger and freight traffic across the English Channel. It is the city’s principal maritime link with Britain.
Siege of Calais (1346–1347): A year-long siege in which Edward III of England captured Calais from France during the Hundred Years’ War. It began centuries of English rule over the city.
Hundred Years’ War: A series of conflicts between the English and French crowns from 1337 to 1453. The war brought Calais under English control.
Dunkirk: A French port city on the North Sea near the Belgian border. It is a neighboring French port, but faces the North Sea rather than the Strait of Dover.
Eurotunnel: A rail tunnel beneath the English Channel connecting Folkestone in England with Coquelles near Calais. Its French terminal lies just outside the city, creating a land route to Britain.
Burgers of Calais: Six leading citizens said by Jean Froissart to have offered themselves to Edward III during the siege of 1347. Their story became the city’s most enduring account of civic sacrifice.
Pale of Calais: The English-held territory around Calais from its capture in 1347 until its loss in 1558. It describes the wider territory governed from the city during English rule.
Boulogne-sur-Mer: A French coastal city and port south of Calais on the English Channel. It is another nearby Channel port, with a different role in cross-Channel transport.
Dover: An English port town on the Strait of Dover, across the Channel from Calais. The two ports anchor the shortest major crossing between Britain and continental Europe.
The Burghers of Calais: A sculpture by Auguste Rodin depicting the six citizens associated with the 1347 siege. Rodin’s work made the siege’s civic legend a lasting public monument.

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