Calcium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂, is an ionic compound composed of calcium and hydroxide ions. It is a strong base commonly called slaked lime.

Calcium oxide: Calcium oxide, CaO, is a basic ionic compound commonly called quicklime. Adding water to quicklime produces calcium hydroxide in an exothermic slaking reaction.
Lime mortar: Lime mortar is a building material made from lime, aggregate, and water. Calcium hydroxide hardens in traditional mortar as it carbonates into calcium carbonate.
Calcium: Calcium is a chemical element with atomic number 20 and a common divalent ion, Ca²⁺. Each formula unit contains one calcium ion paired with two hydroxide ions.
Limestone: Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate. Heating limestone produces the quicklime that is subsequently slaked to calcium hydroxide.
Slaking: Slaking is the reaction of quicklime with water to form calcium hydroxide. This hydration reaction is the principal way calcium hydroxide is prepared.
Lime plaster: Lime plaster is a wall coating made with lime binder and aggregate. Calcium hydroxide in fresh lime plaster gradually reacts with carbon dioxide as it cures.
Hydroxide: Hydroxide is the polyatomic ion OH⁻, composed of oxygen and hydrogen with a negative charge. Two hydroxide ions balance the +2 charge of each calcium ion.
Calcination: Calcination is the heating of a solid to cause thermal decomposition or remove volatile substances. Limestone calcination releases carbon dioxide and yields calcium oxide, the precursor to slaked lime.
Calcium hydroxide solubility: Calcium hydroxide dissolves only slightly in water, with solubility decreasing as temperature rises. Its limited solubility creates saturated limewater while leaving excess solid.
Water softening: Water softening removes dissolved minerals that cause hardness, especially calcium and magnesium ions. Calcium hydroxide raises pH and precipitates magnesium and some carbonate hardness during lime softening.

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