Camp David Accords

The 1978 agreements between Egypt and Israel established a framework for bilateral peace and Israel’s withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula.

Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty: The 1979 treaty ended the state of war between Egypt and Israel and provided for Israel’s withdrawal from Sinai. It converted the accords’ bilateral framework into a binding treaty and timetable for withdrawal.
Yom Kippur War: The 1973 war in which Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel during the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur. The war changed the strategic calculations that made later negotiations possible.
Moshe Dayan: An Israeli military leader and politician who served as foreign minister during the Camp David negotiations. Dayan helped negotiate the agreements as a senior member of Begin’s government.
Egypt’s suspension from the Arab League: The Arab League’s 1979 decision to suspend Egypt after its separate peace treaty with Israel. The accords’ bilateral success triggered a sharp rupture between Egypt and other Arab states.
Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel: One of the two 1978 Camp David agreements, setting principles for a separate Egypt–Israel peace treaty. Unlike the broader regional framework, this agreement led directly to a completed bilateral treaty.
Sinai Peninsula: A triangular peninsula connecting Africa and Asia, bordered by the Mediterranean and Red seas. Israel’s return of Sinai to Egypt was the accords’ central territorial provision.
Anwar Sadat: President of Egypt from 1970 to 1981, who initiated peace negotiations with Israel and signed the Camp David Accords. His decision to pursue direct peace with Israel opened the path to the summit.
Zbigniew Brzezinski: U.S. national security adviser to President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1981. He advised Carter as the United States pressed for an agreement at Camp David.
Israeli withdrawal from Sinai: Israel’s staged evacuation of its military forces and settlements from the Sinai Peninsula, completed in 1982. The withdrawal fulfilled the accords’ principal territorial commitment.
Oslo Accords: Agreements between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization in the 1990s that established limited Palestinian self-rule and mutual recognition. They pursued Palestinian political arrangements through direct agreements decades after Camp David’s autonomy proposal stalled.

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