Caninae
Caninae is a subfamily of canids that includes dogs, wolves, foxes, and related living and extinct species. Its members are commonly called canines.
Canidae: Canidae is the mammal family containing dogs, wolves, foxes, jackals, coyotes, and other dog-like carnivorans. Caninae is one of the two living subfamilies within this family.
Canid evolution: Canid evolution is the diversification of the dog family across geological time. It traces the origins and branching history of Caninae.
Gray wolf: The gray wolf is a large, social canid native to much of the Northern Hemisphere. It is a widespread wild member of Canini and the closest wild relative of domestic dogs.
Caninae–Borophaginae divergence: The Caninae–Borophaginae divergence is the evolutionary separation of these two major canid subfamilies. It marks a key split between living canine lineages and an extinct North American radiation.
Caniformia: Caniformia is a major carnivoran group that includes dogs, bears, seals, and related mammals. Canidae, and therefore Caninae, belongs to this broader branch of Carnivora.
Canid dispersal: Canid dispersal is the movement of canid lineages into new geographic regions over evolutionary time. Dispersal helped shape the worldwide distribution of living Caninae.
Red fox: The red fox is a widespread, adaptable fox found across much of the Northern Hemisphere. Its broad range and flexible diet exemplify the success of a vulpine canine.
Borophaginae: Borophaginae is an extinct canid subfamily that flourished in North America during the Miocene and Pliocene. It was a distinct canid branch, not an ancestral group of modern Caninae.
Carnivora: Carnivora is the mammalian order whose living members include cats, dogs, bears, seals, and their relatives. Caninae is nested within this order through Canidae and Caniformia.
Canid hybridization: Canid hybridization is reproduction between distinct canid species or populations, producing mixed ancestry. Hybridization complicates the boundaries between some living canine lineages.