Carbon sequestration

Carbon sequestration is the capture and long-term storage of carbon dioxide or other carbon in ecosystems, geological formations, or durable products, reducing its presence in the atmosphere.

Carbon capture and storage: A process that captures carbon dioxide, transports it, and stores it in geological formations. This engineered pathway separates carbon dioxide capture from underground storage.
Afforestation: The establishment of forest on land that has not recently been forested. New forests can remove atmospheric carbon through growth and store it in biomass and soils.
Carbon dioxide removal: Human activities that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it durably. Carbon sequestration is a central storage component of many removal approaches.
Carbon accounting: Methods for measuring, reporting, and attributing greenhouse-gas emissions and removals. Accounting rules determine which captured carbon counts as a removal or stored quantity.
Direct air capture: Technology that removes carbon dioxide directly from ambient air using chemical or physical processes. It captures carbon already dispersed through the atmosphere.
Reforestation: The re-establishment of forest on land where forest was previously removed or degraded. Forest recovery rebuilds a biological carbon store.
Carbon budget: The maximum cumulative carbon dioxide emissions compatible with a specified climate limit and probability. Durable removals can offset emissions within a finite warming limit.
Additionality: The condition that an intervention produces outcomes beyond what would have occurred without it. A sequestration project needs a credible counterfactual to establish its climate benefit.
Geological storage: The long-term containment of carbon dioxide in deep underground rock formations. Porous formations and impermeable seals can retain injected carbon dioxide.
Biochar: A carbon-rich material made by heating biomass with little oxygen, often applied to soil. Converting biomass into persistent char can retain some of its carbon in soils.

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