Knowra Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a colorless, volatile liquid once widely used as a solvent and fire suppressant. Its toxicity and ozone-depleting effects have led to severe restrictions.
Tetrahedral molecular geometry : A molecular shape in which a central atom bonds to four groups directed toward the vertices of a tetrahedron. Four chlorine atoms surround carbon symmetrically, giving CCl₄ its tetrahedral structure.
Dry cleaning : The cleaning of textiles with solvents rather than water. CCl₄ was once used to remove grease and stains from fabrics.
Hepatotoxicity : Liver damage caused by exposure to a chemical, drug, or other agent. The liver is a major target of CCl₄ toxicity after metabolic activation.
Chloroform : A volatile chlorinated solvent with formula CHCl₃, historically used as an anesthetic and industrial chemical. Removing one chlorine and adding hydrogen changes the toxicity and chemical behavior of this related solvent.
Carbon–chlorine bond : A covalent bond between carbon and chlorine atoms, found in many organochlorine compounds. These bonds make up the CCl₄ molecule and influence its chemical stability.
Fire extinguisher : A portable device that discharges an agent to suppress or extinguish a fire. CCl₄ was used in early extinguishers because it did not support combustion.
Nephrotoxicity : Kidney damage caused by exposure to a chemical, drug, or other agent. CCl₄ exposure can also injure kidney tissue, particularly after substantial doses.
Dichloromethane : A volatile chlorinated solvent with formula CH₂Cl₂, used in extraction and industrial processes. It is a common substitute solvent, but has different health risks and environmental behavior.
Lipid peroxidation : A chain reaction in which reactive species oxidize lipids, especially those in cell membranes. Metabolism of CCl₄ can generate radicals that initiate this process and damage liver cells.
Refrigerant : A working fluid that absorbs and releases heat in refrigeration or air-conditioning systems. CCl₄ served as a feedstock for chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants.
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