Carlism

Carlism is a Spanish traditionalist movement that supported the Bourbon line descended from Charles María Isidro and defended Catholicism, monarchy, and regional fueros.

Ferdinand VII of Spain: King of Spain from 1813 to 1833, whose succession crisis triggered the Carlist movement. His decision to secure the throne for his daughter Isabella displaced his brother Charles María Isidro.
Legitimism: A political doctrine that regards hereditary right as the basis of legitimate monarchy. Carlism’s claim to rule rested on hereditary legitimacy rather than parliamentary authorization.
Carlos Luis de Borbón: The eldest son of Charles María Isidro, who claimed the Spanish throne as Charles VI after his father’s abdication. His succession extended the original dynastic claim into the Second Carlist War.
Second Carlist War: A Catalonia-centered conflict fought from 1846 to 1849, also called the War of the Matiners. It revived armed Carlist resistance under a new claimant after the First Carlist War.
Spanish liberalism: The political movement in Spain that promoted constitutional government, civil equality, and limits on clerical and royal power. Carlist wars repeatedly opposed liberal reforms and their centralizing state.
Charles María Isidro of Spain: The brother of Ferdinand VII who claimed the Spanish throne as Charles V and became Carlism’s founding dynastic figure. His claim gave the movement its name and its first claimant.
Catholic integralism: A political doctrine that seeks to order public life wholly according to Catholic teaching. It expressed Carlism’s resistance to secular liberal state-building.
Carlos María de Borbón: The Carlist pretender known as Charles VII, who led the movement during the Third Carlist War. His reign as claimant brought Carlism its most extensive nineteenth-century military resurgence.
Third Carlist War: A Spanish civil war fought from 1872 to 1876 between Carlist forces and the government of the restored monarchy. It was the last major nineteenth-century attempt to establish a Carlist king by force.
Basque nationalism: A political movement seeking recognition or self-government for the Basque people and territories. Carlism’s defense of fueros helped preserve regional institutions later central to Basque political claims.

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