Carving

Carving is a subtractive process that shapes a material by cutting or chipping away portions. It is used to create forms in materials such as wood, stone, and food.

Chisel: A cutting tool with a sharpened edge, driven by hand or mallet to remove material. Chisels concentrate force at an edge to cut or chip material during carving.
Wood carving: The shaping of wood by cutting away portions with knives, chisels, or other tools. Wood carving is a major craft tradition built around the same subtractive process.
Modeling (art): An additive sculptural process that forms a shape by building up or reshaping pliable material. Modeling adds or redistributes material, unlike carving’s removal of material.
Michelangelo's David: A marble statue of the biblical David carved by Michelangelo between 1501 and 1504. The statue exemplifies how a large marble block can be transformed through subtractive sculpture.
Gouge: A chisel with a curved cutting edge used to make grooves and concave cuts. Its curved edge removes material in channels that flat chisels cannot easily produce.
Stone carving: The shaping of stone by removing material with tools such as chisels and abrasives. Stone carving applies the process to a harder material and demands different tools.
Casting: A manufacturing process in which liquid or pliable material takes the shape of a mold. Casting creates form by filling a mold rather than cutting a form from solid stock.
Mount Rushmore: A monumental sculpture of four U.S. presidents carved into granite in South Dakota. Its scale illustrates carving with explosives and machinery as well as hand-finishing.
Relief carving: A carving technique in which figures project from a background that remains attached to the material. It shows how depth can be created while preserving a continuous supporting surface.
Ice sculpture: A sculpture made by cutting and shaping blocks of ice. Ice sculpture uses carving to form a temporary work from a brittle, melting material.

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