Caryophyllene

Caryophyllene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene found in many essential oils, especially clove oil. The name usually denotes β-caryophyllene, a volatile plant compound with a distinctive strained-ring structure.

Cannabinoid receptor type 2: A G protein-coupled receptor expressed chiefly in immune cells and peripheral tissues. β-Caryophyllene can activate this receptor, unlike most dietary terpenes.
Clove oil: An essential oil distilled from clove buds, rich in eugenol and other aromatic compounds. Clove oil is a particularly well-known natural source of caryophyllene.
Clove: The aromatic dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum, native to the Maluku Islands. Clove buds yield oil in which caryophyllene is a recognized minor constituent.
Eugenol: A phenylpropanoid compound that supplies much of clove oil’s characteristic aroma. It dominates clove oil more than caryophyllene and has a different chemical framework.
Sesquiterpene: A terpene built from three isoprene units, typically containing fifteen carbon atoms. Caryophyllene belongs to this larger class of plant compounds.
Black pepper: The dried fruit of Piper nigrum, used worldwide as a pungent spice. Its aroma includes β-caryophyllene alongside other volatile compounds.
Cannabis: A genus of flowering plants that produces cannabinoids and diverse volatile terpenes. Many cannabis varieties contain β-caryophyllene among their volatile constituents.
Caryophyllene oxide: An oxygen-containing oxidation product of β-caryophyllene. Its added oxygen atom distinguishes it from the hydrocarbon caryophyllene.
Terpene: A diverse class of compounds assembled from five-carbon isoprene units. Its carbon framework follows the building-unit pattern shared by terpenes.
Humulene: A monocyclic sesquiterpene found in hops, cannabis, and several aromatic plants. It commonly occurs with caryophyllene in plant oils and shares related biosynthesis.

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