Casablanca Conference

The January 1943 meeting in Casablanca, Morocco, where Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill set Allied strategy for the war against the Axis powers.

Operation Husky: The Allied invasion of Sicily, launched in July 1943. The conference chose Sicily as the next major Allied target after the North African campaign.
Combined Bomber Offensive: The Anglo-American air campaign against German industrial, military, and urban targets during the Second World War. The leaders agreed to intensify bombing as another way to weaken Germany before an invasion.
Franklin D. Roosevelt: The 32nd president of the United States, serving from 1933 until his death in 1945. Roosevelt hosted the conference and publicly announced the unconditional-surrender policy.
Arcadia Conference: The 1941–1942 Washington meeting at which Roosevelt and Churchill established broad Allied war aims and coordination. Arcadia established the Anglo-American planning framework that Casablanca continued.
Operation Overlord: The Allied invasion of German-occupied Normandy in June 1944. The conference reaffirmed the goal of a cross-Channel invasion, though it did not set Overlord’s final date or plan.
Mediterranean strategy: A military approach that seeks advantage through control of the Mediterranean region and its routes. Churchill favored continued operations there, which competed with Marshall’s preference for a prompt cross-Channel attack.
Winston Churchill: The British prime minister who led the United Kingdom through most of the Second World War. Churchill advocated continued operations in the Mediterranean before a major invasion of France.
Washington Conference (1943): The May 1943 meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill in Washington to review Allied military strategy. It followed up Casablanca’s choices and settled further preparations for the invasion of Sicily.
Unconditional surrender: A demand that an opponent surrender without conditions governing the terms of capitulation. Roosevelt announced that the Allies would accept only the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers.
Operation Roundup: An early Allied plan for a cross-Channel invasion of German-occupied France. Marshall pressed for a cross-Channel invasion rather than prolonged Mediterranean campaigns.

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