Cattle

Cattle are domesticated bovines raised for meat, milk, hides, and other products. The group includes cows, bulls, and oxen.

Bos taurus: A cattle species that includes most taurine breeds descended from Eurasian aurochs. Most familiar cattle breeds belong to this species.
Beef production: The raising and processing of cattle for meat. Meat production is a major purpose for keeping cattle.
Rumen: The largest compartment of a ruminant stomach, where microbes ferment plant material. Its microbial fermentation lets cattle obtain energy from fibrous forage.
Aurochs: An extinct wild bovine that was the principal ancestor of domesticated taurine cattle. Taurine cattle descend from this large wild ancestor.
Deforestation: The large-scale removal of forest, often to convert land to agriculture or pasture. Forest clearing for cattle pasture is a major driver in some regions.
Zebu: Domesticated humped cattle, usually classified as Bos indicus, adapted to heat and parasites. Zebu cattle represent a major domesticated lineage distinct from taurine cattle.
Dairy farming: Agriculture centered on raising animals for milk and dairy products. Dairy herds are managed to produce milk through repeated calving and lactation.
Ruminant: A mammal that regurgitates and rechews food and digests it through microbial fermentation. Cattle belong to this digestive group, which relies on cud chewing.
Domestication of cattle: The prehistoric process that produced managed cattle populations from wild bovines. It established the human–cattle relationship and the lineages kept today.
Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture: The release of heat-trapping gases from farming, livestock, and related land use. Cattle contribute methane and emissions associated with feed and land use.

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