Cavity-nesting bird

A bird that lays eggs and raises its young in a hollow in a tree or another enclosed space. Some species excavate their own cavities; others use existing or abandoned ones.

Tree cavity: A hollow in a tree that can provide shelter and nesting space for animals. It is the characteristic nest site for many cavity-nesting birds.
Nest-site selection: The process by which animals choose locations for building or occupying nests. Cavity nesters assess hollows for features such as size, shelter, and accessibility.
Nest-box monitoring: The systematic observation of occupancy and breeding outcomes in artificial nest boxes. It provides data on breeding success where natural cavities are difficult to survey.
Great spotted woodpecker: A widespread Eurasian woodpecker that excavates nest holes in trees. It creates cavities that may later be used by other species.
Primary cavity excavator: An animal that excavates a cavity in wood for its own use. These birds create nesting hollows that later become available to other species.
Interspecific competition: Competition between individuals of different species for limited resources. Bird species can compete directly for the same scarce nesting cavities.
Forest management: The planning and practice of maintaining, harvesting, or restoring forests. Retaining cavity-bearing trees can preserve nesting habitat during forestry operations.
European starling: A social songbird native to Europe and western Asia that nests in cavities. It uses existing hollows and nest boxes rather than excavating its own nest cavity.
Secondary cavity-nester: An animal that nests in cavities it did not excavate itself. Many cavity-nesting birds rely on holes made by other species or natural decay.
Nest predation: The consumption of eggs, nestlings, or nests by predators. Enclosed nests can reduce some risks but remain vulnerable to cavity-entering predators.

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