Cedar Revolution

The Cedar Revolution was a wave of protests in Lebanon in 2005 after former prime minister Rafic Hariri’s assassination, demanding Syrian troop withdrawal.

Assassination of Rafic Hariri: The February 2005 Beirut bombing that killed former Lebanese prime minister Rafic Hariri and 21 others. The killing triggered mass demonstrations and demands for accountability.
Beirut demonstrations of March 14, 2005: A mass rally in Beirut on March 14, 2005, opposing Syrian influence and demanding justice for Hariri. It became the movement’s largest demonstration and namesake date for its political coalition.
Saad Hariri: A Lebanese politician and son of Rafic Hariri who led the Future Movement after his father’s assassination. He became a leading political figure in the post-assassination movement.
March 8 Alliance: A Lebanese political coalition associated with support for Syria and opposition to the March 14 Alliance. Its competing account of Lebanon’s political future sharpened divisions after the protests.
Syrian occupation of Lebanon: Syria’s military and political dominance over Lebanon, established during the Lebanese Civil War and ended in 2005. Opposition to this presence was the revolution’s central demand.
Syrian troop withdrawal from Lebanon: The departure of Syrian military forces from Lebanon in April 2005 after nearly three decades of presence. It fulfilled the revolution’s central demand.
Samir Geagea: A Lebanese politician and leader of the Lebanese Forces, imprisoned from 1994 until 2005. His release during the political transition became a prominent movement demand.
Special Tribunal for Lebanon: A court established to prosecute those responsible for the 2005 assassination of Rafic Hariri. The demand for justice eventually produced an internationalized criminal tribunal.
Lebanese Civil War: A conflict among Lebanese factions and foreign forces that lasted from 1975 to 1990. The postwar order left Syria with extensive influence over Lebanese politics.
United Nations International Independent Investigation Commission: A UN commission established in 2005 to investigate the assassination of Rafic Hariri. International investigation became a parallel demand alongside Syrian withdrawal.

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