Celâl Bayar

Celâl Bayar was a Turkish politician who served as president from 1950 to 1960 and co-founded the Democratic Party, which ended the Republican People’s Party’s one-party rule.

Adnan Menderes: A Turkish politician who served as prime minister from 1950 to 1960 and led the Democratic Party government. As prime minister under Bayar, he became the government’s most prominent political figure.
Democratic Party (Turkey): A Turkish political party founded in 1946 that governed from 1950 until its overthrow in 1960. Bayar co-founded the party and became its first president before winning Turkey’s presidency.
President of Turkey: The head-of-state office of the Republic of Turkey, whose powers and method of selection have changed under successive constitutions. Bayar held this office under the parliamentary system established by the 1924 Constitution.
1960 Turkish coup d'état: The military coup of 27 May 1960 that overthrew Turkey’s Democratic Party government. The coup removed Bayar from office and brought the decade of Democratic Party rule to an abrupt end.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: The founder of the Republic of Turkey and its president from 1923 until his death in 1938. Bayar served in Atatürk’s governments and helped establish the republic’s early economic institutions.
Republican People’s Party: A Turkish political party founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk that governed Turkey as a one-party state until 1950. Bayar left this party amid internal opposition to its policies and helped create its electoral rival.
Constitution of Turkey (1924): The constitution that governed Turkey from 1924 until the 1960 coup and established a parliamentary republic. It defined the institutional framework under which Bayar served as president.
Yassıada trials: The military tribunals held on Yassıada after the 1960 coup to prosecute members of the deposed government. Bayar was tried alongside Menderes and other Democratic Party leaders after his removal.
İsmet İnönü: A Turkish statesman who succeeded Atatürk as president and led the Republican People’s Party before and after the transition to multiparty politics. Bayar’s presidency followed İnönü’s, as the former ruling party yielded office through elections.
Dörtlü Takrir: A 1945 parliamentary motion by four Republican People’s Party deputies calling for greater political freedoms and legislative debate. Bayar and three colleagues’ motion preceded their departure from the ruling party and the Democratic Party’s formation.

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Turgut ÖzalRelated: Bayar’s conservative, pro-market political legacy is a notable predecessor to Özal’s style of leadership.