Cell division

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell produces daughter cells. It enables organismal growth, tissue repair, and reproduction.

Cell cycle: The ordered sequence of growth, DNA replication, and division through which a cell passes. Cell division is the final stage of this broader sequence.
Chromosome: A DNA molecule packaged with proteins that carries genetic information. Duplicated chromosomes must be distributed between daughter cells.
Stem cell: An undifferentiated cell capable of self-renewal and producing specialized cell types. Stem-cell divisions maintain populations while supplying cells for tissue development and repair.
Amitosis: A form of nuclear division without the recognizable chromosome condensation and spindle formation of mitosis. It contrasts with the organized spindle-mediated division typical of eukaryotic cells.
Mitosis: The division of a eukaryotic cell's nucleus into two genetically similar nuclei. It distributes duplicated chromosomes during most eukaryotic cell divisions.
Centrosome: A major microtubule-organizing center in animal cells that helps form the mitotic spindle. Its duplication helps establish the two poles of many animal-cell spindles.
Tissue regeneration: The restoration of damaged or lost tissue through cell production and organization. Cell division supplies replacement cells during regeneration.
Endoreduplication: Repeated DNA replication without subsequent cell division, producing cells with multiple genome copies. It shows that DNA duplication can occur without producing daughter cells.
Cytokinesis: The division of a cell's cytoplasm into separate daughter cells. It completes cell division after the genetic material has been apportioned.
Centromere: The chromosome region that holds sister chromatids together and supports kinetochore assembly. It provides the attachment site through which spindle forces move chromosomes.

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