Cell migration

Cell migration is the directed movement of cells from one location to another. Cells move by coordinating changes in shape, adhesion, and force generation, often in response to chemical or physical cues.

Actin polymerization: The assembly of actin monomers into filaments, which can push against cell membranes and organize cellular structures. New actin filaments push the leading edge forward during many forms of migration.
Chemotaxis: Directional movement of a cell or organism in response to a chemical concentration gradient. Chemotaxis is a common way cells steer migration toward signals.
Extracellular matrix: A network of molecules outside cells that provides structural support and biochemical signals to tissues. Its fibers and proteins provide both migration surfaces and physical constraints.
Amoeboid movement: A rapid, deformable mode of cell movement characterized by dynamic shape changes and relatively weak substrate adhesion. It contrasts with migration that depends on strong, organized cell–matrix adhesions.
Integrin: A family of cell-surface receptors that bind extracellular matrix proteins and connect them to the cytoskeleton. Integrins anchor migrating cells to surfaces and transmit traction forces.
Neutrophil: A short-lived white blood cell that rapidly responds to infection and tissue damage. Neutrophils migrate through tissues toward inflammatory signals and microbes.
Haptotaxis: Directional cell movement along a gradient of substrate-bound molecules, such as extracellular matrix proteins. It describes steering by spatial differences in adhesive cues rather than soluble chemicals.
Mesenchymal migration: A mode of cell movement involving elongated shape, actin-rich protrusions, and substantial adhesion to the extracellular matrix. It is the adhesion-dependent strategy often contrasted with amoeboid movement.
Focal adhesion: A dynamic protein complex that links integrins to the actin cytoskeleton at cell–matrix attachment sites. These attachments grip the substrate, then disassemble as the cell advances.
Embryonic development: The process by which an embryo forms and develops into a multicellular organism. Cell migrations place progenitors into the tissues and structures of the developing body.

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