Knowra Celtic languages Celtic languages A branch of the Indo-European language family whose living members include Irish, Welsh, Breton, Scottish Gaelic, and smaller communities speaking Manx and Cornish.
Goidelic languages : A branch of Insular Celtic comprising Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx. Its three languages form one of the two main living subdivisions.
Insular Celtic languages : The Celtic languages historically spoken in the British Isles and Brittany, divided into Goidelic and Brittonic branches. Their shared structural traits distinguish them from continental Celtic evidence.
Gaulish : An extinct Celtic language spoken in ancient Gaul and attested in inscriptions and classical references. Gaulish is among the best-attested ancient continental Celtic languages.
Irish language revival : Efforts to increase Irish-language use after its decline under British rule and during the modern era. Irish illustrates the scale and challenges of state-supported revitalization.
Germanic languages : A branch of Indo-European that includes English, German, Dutch, and the Scandinavian languages. Germanic languages expanded across regions where Celtic languages were once more widespread.
Brittonic languages : A branch of Insular Celtic that includes Welsh, Breton, and Cornish. Its languages make up the other major living subdivision.
Initial consonant mutation : A grammatical process in which the first consonant of a word changes according to its syntactic or phonological context. Mutation is a conspicuous grammatical feature across many Celtic languages.
Celtiberian language : An extinct Celtic language recorded in inscriptions from the Iberian Peninsula. Its inscriptions document a distinct ancient branch of Celtic speech.
Welsh language : A living Brittonic language spoken primarily in Wales, with official status there. Welsh demonstrates sustained use across education, public life, and media.
Italic languages : An Indo-European branch that includes Latin and its descendants, the Romance languages. Italic and Celtic are neighboring branches within the Indo-European family.
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