Cement

Cement is a hydraulic binder that reacts with water to harden and bind aggregates. Portland cement, made chiefly from clinker and gypsum, is its most widely used type.

Hydration of cement: The chemical reactions between cement compounds and water that form hardened binding products. Hydration turns cement paste from a workable mixture into a rigid solid.
Portland cement: A hydraulic cement made by grinding Portland cement clinker with a small amount of calcium sulfate. It is the dominant cement type and the reference point for many composition standards.
Concrete: A composite construction material made from cement, water, and aggregates, often with admixtures. Cement paste binds concrete’s sand and coarse aggregate into a solid mass.
Lime mortar: A mortar whose principal binder is lime rather than Portland cement. Its slower carbonation-based hardening and greater vapor permeability contrast with cement-rich mortar.
Cement industry: The global industrial sector that manufactures cement and supplies it for construction. Its production scale makes cement a major part of the built environment.
Cement paste: A mixture of cement and water that hardens through hydration. It is the reacting phase that coats and bonds particles in concrete.
Portland cement clinker: Kiln-produced nodules of calcium silicate and aluminate minerals used to make Portland cement. Grinding clinker with sulfate produces the familiar binding powder.
Mortar: A workable mixture of binder, fine aggregate, and water used to join masonry units or coat surfaces. Cement is a common binder in mortars for masonry and rendering.
Gypsum plaster: A plaster made with gypsum binder that sets as calcium sulfate dihydrate forms. Unlike cement, gypsum plaster is generally unsuitable for prolonged exposure to water.
Cement kiln dust: Fine particulate material collected from cement-kiln exhaust and related production streams. It is a process by-product requiring management or beneficial reuse.

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