Censorship in Russia

Censorship in Russia comprises state restrictions on expression, publication, broadcasting, and access to information. Its forms and legal basis have changed across imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods.

Roskomnadzor: Russia’s federal agency overseeing communications, information technology, and mass media. It administers media rules and can order websites blocked.
Tsarist censorship in Russia: State controls over printing, publishing, and public expression under the Russian Empire. Imperial authorities established enduring practices of prior review and publication control.
Independent media in Russia: Russian news organizations operating outside direct state control or ownership. Legal pressure, blocking, and closures have narrowed their ability to report inside Russia.
Freedom of the press: The principle that media should be able to publish and distribute information without undue government interference. It provides a standard against which Russian restrictions on journalism are assessed.
Russian foreign agent law: Russian legislation requiring designated organizations and people to meet burdensome registration and disclosure requirements. Its designations impose restrictions and stigma on independent media and civic groups.
Soviet censorship: State control of information and artistic expression in the Soviet Union. The Soviet system made censorship a centralized feature of political and cultural life.
Russian propaganda: Persuasive messaging produced or promoted by Russian state institutions and aligned actors. Restrictions on competing accounts help state narratives dominate public information.
Article 29 of the Constitution of Russia: A constitutional provision protecting freedom of thought, speech, and mass information in Russia. Its formal guarantees sit alongside laws and practices that restrict expression.
Russian war censorship laws: 2022 Russian laws criminalizing certain public statements about the armed forces and the invasion of Ukraine. They sharply expanded penalties for reporting and speech about the war.
Glavlit: The Soviet agency responsible for state censorship and protection of official secrets. It formalized review of publications and other media across the Soviet system.

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