Knowra Cerebrum Cerebrum The cerebrum is the brain’s largest region, comprising two cerebral hemispheres. It supports perception, voluntary movement, language, memory, and other higher cognitive functions.
Cerebral cortex : The folded outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres, composed largely of neuronal cell bodies. This outer layer performs much of the cerebrum’s sensory processing, motor control, and cognition.
Neocortex : The evolutionarily newer, six-layered portion of the cerebral cortex in mammals. Its layered circuits support much of the perception, planning, and cognition attributed to the cerebrum.
Primary visual cortex : The first cortical area receiving substantial visual input from the thalamus, located in the occipital lobe. It shows how visual signals enter cerebral processing before reaching broader visual networks.
Cerebellum : A hindbrain structure that fine-tunes movement and contributes to balance, timing, and motor learning. Unlike the cerebrum, it is especially associated with coordination and error correction in movement.
Cerebral hemisphere : One of the two major halves of the cerebrum, left or right. The cerebrum consists of paired hemispheres connected by pathways and specialized in partly distinct functions.
Basal ganglia : A group of interconnected subcortical nuclei involved in selecting and regulating actions. These deep cerebral structures help initiate and shape movement rather than simply issuing commands.
Primary motor cortex : A frontal cortical region whose activity contributes to executing voluntary movements. It is a major cerebral source of signals controlling skilled movements.
Brainstem : The brain region connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum with the spinal cord, supporting vital functions and pathways. It contrasts with the cerebrum’s hemispheric organization and higher cognitive roles.
Frontal lobe : The front portion of the cerebral cortex, involved in planning, control of movement, and aspects of language. Its regions support voluntary action and executive functions associated with the cerebrum.
Thalamus : A diencephalic structure that relays and regulates signals between many brain regions and the cerebral cortex. Most sensory information reaching the cerebrum passes through thalamic pathways.
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