Chang'an

Chang'an was an ancient Chinese city that served as the capital of several dynasties. Its historic site lies within modern Xi'an, Shaanxi.

Xi'an: A city in Shaanxi, China, that encompasses the historic site of Chang'an. Modern Xi'an occupies the ground on which Chang'an stood.
Weihe River: A major river in central China that flows east through the Wei River valley. The river valley offered the agricultural base and strategic corridor around Chang'an.
Silk Road: A network of trade routes linking East Asia with Central Asia, West Asia, and the Mediterranean world. Chang'an anchored the eastern end of major overland routes across Eurasia.
Han Chang'an City: The walled capital of the Western Han dynasty, located northwest of modern Xi'an. Its palaces and walls show how the Han created an imperial capital in the region.
Western Zhou: The first half of the Zhou dynasty, which ruled much of China from the eleventh to eighth centuries BCE. The Zhou established their Feng and Hao capitals near Chang'an's later site.
Guanzhong: A region in central Shaanxi bounded by mountain ranges and centered on the Wei River valley. Chang'an's defensible position in Guanzhong shaped its military and political importance.
Diplomacy of the Tang dynasty: The Tang court's relations with neighboring states and peoples through envoys, treaties, and military power. Foreign envoys and embassies gathered at Chang'an to negotiate with the Tang court.
Daxing: The Sui dynasty's planned capital, built beside the site of Han Chang'an. Daxing formed the foundation of the later Tang capital and its street plan.
Qin dynasty: The Chinese dynasty that unified the warring states and ruled from 221 to 206 BCE. The Qin built palaces and imperial compounds in the region before Chang'an became a capital.
Chinese capital cities: Cities that served as seats of government for Chinese states and empires across different periods. Chang'an belongs to a long history of capitals chosen for strategic position and political authority.

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